This product is a multi-level passive battery management system (hereinafter referred to as BMS); the design adopts a decentralized solution and manages the system through a passive balanced BMS with a two-level/three-level architecture, monitoring battery voltage, current, and temperature status, and managing energy absorption and Release, perform thermal management, low-voltage power management, high-voltage safety monitoring, fault diagnosis management, communicate with PCS and EMS externally, and ensure the normal operation of the energy storage system.